I fattori che muovono il prezzo

Le quote di emissione dell’UE (EUA) sono strumenti finanziari: il loro prezzo, come quello degli altri asset, dipende dagli eventi e dalle forze del mercato. Le EUA non vivono in un mondo a parte. I movimenti del prezzo del carbonio si possono spiegare con diversi fattori. Come per ogni altro asset, il prezzo delle EUA è determinato dalla legge della domanda e dell’offerta.

Dal lato dell’offerta la situazione è relativamente stabile e prevedibile: l’offerta di EUA è regolamentata e spesso pianificata con diversi anni di anticipo. Il sistema prevede una riduzione graduale, pensata per garantire l’apprezzamento del prezzo nel lungo periodo e per riflettere l’urgenza di mitigare il cambiamento climatico.

Dal lato della domanda dell’EU ETS entrano invece in gioco moltissimi fattori: i mercati dell’energia (in particolare i prezzi del gas e del carbone), il quadro macroeconomico e la produzione industriale, le condizioni meteorologiche, che influenzano i consumi di energia, e gli sviluppi tecnologici, che incidono sul costo della decarbonizzazione. Questi parametri pesano sulle EUA in modo diverso, e ciò può generare volatilità nel breve o nel medio periodo.

Nel lungo periodo le quote di emissione europee sono destinate a un apprezzamento duraturo del prezzo, sostenuto dal calo dell’offerta. Tuttavia i fattori di breve e medio periodo, che cambiano di continuo, generano volatilità nei prezzi. In poco tempo le quotazioni possono muoversi in un intervallo ampio, a seconda di come si combinano i fattori descritti sopra.

Contenuti correlati

What are the main drivers of the EUA price?

What are the main drivers of the EUA price?

EU Allowance (EUA) prices are driven by supply and demand. EUA supply is intentionally decreasing to drive long-term price appreciation for green finance, while demand fluctuates in the short and medium term based on factors like energy prices, economic conditions, weather, and technological advancements. This makes EUAs potentially suitable for long-term investing in renewable energy despite short-term volatility.
What is the difference between EUA spot contracts and EUA futures?

What is the difference between EUA spot contracts and EUA futures?

EUA futures are financial derivatives used for speculation, whereas EUA spot contracts are the actual financial tool driving the EU's carbon policy, enabling direct participation in the carbon market for ecological investment and responsible investing. Spot contracts, though smaller in volume, are key to the EU's decarbonization efforts.
Why were EUA prices so low until 2018?

Why were EUA prices so low until 2018?

Initially, the EU ETS faced low carbon allowance prices due to oversupply from overestimated emissions caps, the 2008 financial crisis, and the use of cheaper international credits. This structural oversupply kept prices low for a long period, but adjustments have since tightened the market for carbon allowances/carbon exchange.
What made EUA prices increase between 2018 and 2022?

What made EUA prices increase between 2018 and 2022?

Between 2018 and 2022, carbon prices significantly increased due to the implementation of the Market Stability Reserve (MSR), the designation of EUAs as financial instruments, a strengthened EU climate agenda, and rising industrial production, leading to higher demand for EUAs and incentivizing decarbonization, impacting ethical investment and responsible investing. The EU ETS became a more effective decarbonization tool.
Why did EUA prices fall so much at the end of 2023 and the begining of 2024?

Why did EUA prices fall so much at the end of 2023 and the begining of 2024?

European Union Allowance (EUA) prices fell sharply due to temporary factors like the REPowerEU plan, energy market dynamics, and decreased industrial activity. The market's short-sighted focus on these factors caused an overreaction, but prices are now recovering as long-term decarbonization fundamentals reassert themselves, making it an opportunity for ethical investment and green finance. This presents opportunities within the European carbon market and for purchasing carbon allowances for impact investment.
What are the EUA price forecasts for 2030?

What are the EUA price forecasts for 2030?

All EUA price forecasts point in the same direction: significantly higher by 2030, conditional on the outcome of the regulatory review expected in Q3 2026. Industrial activity, gas markets and regulatory supply tightening are the three structural forces at play. Here is a scenario-by-scenario breakdown of what to watch, and what it means for long-term investors.
Are EUA prices correlated to other asset prices?

Are EUA prices correlated to other asset prices?

Investing in carbon allowances (EUAs) offers diversification benefits due to their low correlation with traditional assets like stocks and bonds, acting as a potential hedge against inflation. The EUAs' prices are driven by unique factors tied to the carbon market, making them a distinct component for a responsible investment portfolio with long term price appreciation.
What explains the correlation between gas prices and EUAs?

What explains the correlation between gas prices and EUAs?

While gas and EUA (European Union Allowance) prices correlated in late 2023/early 2024 due to fuel switching, this link is now decoupling as EU ETS market participants focus on long-term decarbonization fundamentals and policy changes that drive EUA prices independently of energy market dynamics, viewing EUAs as investments in sustainable development. The EU ETS is evolving into an effective decarbonization tool.

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